A Midsummer Night’s Dream | Characters, Summary, & Facts (2024)

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David Bevington Phyllis Fay Horton Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus in the Humanities and Chair of Theatre and Performance Studies, University of Chicago. World authority on Shakespeare. Editor of The Complete...

David Bevington

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Article History

A Midsummer Night’s Dream, comedy in five acts by William Shakespeare, written about 1595–96 and published in 1600 in a quarto edition from the author’s manuscript, in which there are some minor inconsistencies. The version published in the First Folio of 1623 was taken from a second quarto edition, with some reference to a promptbook. One of the “great” or “middle” comedies, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, with its multilayered examination of love and its vagaries, has long been one of the most popular of Shakespeare’s plays.

Theseus, duke of Athens, has conquered Hippolyta, the Amazon queen, and is about to wed her. Meanwhile, two lovers, Hermia and Lysander, seek refuge in the forest near Athens when Hermia’s father demands that she marry Demetrius. Hoping to win Demetrius’s favour, Helena tells him their whereabouts and follows him to the forest, where he goes in search of Hermia. The forest is also full of fairies who have come for the duke’s wedding. Oberon, the king of the fairies, quarrels with his queen, Titania, and bids his mischievous servant Puck to drop magic juice into her eyes as she sleeps; his intent is to punish her for her disobedience by causing her to fall hopelessly in love with whatever person or creature she happens to see when she awakes. Noting that the human lovers in the forest are also at odds, he orders Puck to drop the love juice into Demetrius’s eyes so that Demetrius’s one-time affection for Helena will be restored. Because the two young Athenian men look much alike, however, Puck mistakenly administers the love juice to Lysander, who then happens to see Helena when he awakes. He falls hopelessly in love with her. Now both young men are in love with Helena and neither with the poor deserted Hermia. This situation does not make Helena any happier, though. She comes to the conclusion that they are all making fun of her. Hermia and Helena fall out over this contretemps, while the young men have become fierce and even would-be murderous rivals of one another for Helena. All is at sixes and sevens.

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In the same woods a group of artisans are rehearsing an entertainment for the duke’s wedding. Ever playful, Puck gives one of the “mechanicals,” Nick Bottom, an ass’s head; when Titania awakens, she falls in love with Bottom. After much general confusion and comic misunderstanding, Oberon’s magic restores Titania and the four lovers to their original states. The duke invites the two couples to join him and Hippolyta in a triple wedding. The wedding celebration features Bottom’s troupe in a comically inept performance of their play, The Most Lamentable Comedy and Most Cruel Death of Pyramus and Thisbe, which turns out to be a parody of the perilous encounters the various lovers have experienced in the forest and somehow managed to survive.

For a discussion of this play within the context of Shakespeare’s entire corpus, see William Shakespeare: Shakespeare’s plays and poems.

David Bevington

A Midsummer Night’s Dream | Characters, Summary, & Facts (2024)

FAQs

How many characters are in Midsummer Night Dream? ›

With nearly 20 characters in the opera, familiarising yourself with them all will help you to enjoy the production even more! Unusually for an opera, A Midsummer Night's Dream doesn't have 'dominant' roles, instead all characters get their chance to shine (although Oberon, Titania and Bottom perhaps more so).

What is a midsummer night's dream short summary? ›

A Midsummer Night's Dream Summary. Four Athenians run away to the forest only to have Puck the fairy make both of the boys fall in love with the same girl. The four run through the forest pursuing each other while Puck helps his master play a trick on the fairy queen.

Who is the most important character in A Midsummer Night Dream? ›

Though there is little character development in A Midsummer Night's Dream and no true protagonist, critics generally point to Puck as the most important character in the play.

Who does Demetrius love? ›

CHARACTER PROFILE: DEMTRIUS.

Demetrius, an Athenian man who is in love with Hermia.

Is Puck a boy or girl in midsummer? ›

The gender of Puck in A Midsummer Night's Dream has been the subject of debate and interpretation. Puck is referred to using male pronouns throughout the play, and it is customary to cast a man to play him. However, at some points throughout history, women were the preferred casting choice for Puck.

Who are the 6 fairies in A Midsummer Night's Dream? ›

They represent the mythical and magical "Green World." King Oberon, Queen Titania, and Puck are the most influential fairies in the play. Queen Titania's four fairy attendants, Cobweb, Mustardseed, Peaseblossom, and Moth, readily serve Bottom the Weaver.

What is the deeper meaning of A Midsummer Night's Dream? ›

A Midsummer Night's Dream is a play about love. It proposes that love is a dream, or perhaps a vision; that it is absurd, irrational, a delusion, or, perhaps, on the other hand, a transfiguration; that it is doomed to be momentary (“So quick bright things come to confusion” [1.1.

Who does Titania fall in love with? ›

Oberon, who is quarreling with his wife, Titania, uses the flower juice on her eyes. She falls in love with Bottom, who now, thanks to Robin Goodfellow, wears an ass's head.As the lovers sleep, Robin Goodfellow restores Lysander's love for Hermia, so that now each young woman is matched with the man she loves.

What mistake does Puck make? ›

Puck's mistake with the love potion in A Midsummer Night's Dream occurs when he accidentally applies it to Lysander's eyes instead of Demetrius's. This causes Lysander to fall in love with Helena, leading to confusion and chaos among the lovers.

What does Puck symbolize? ›

Although he is more mischievous than malevolent, Puck reminds us that the fairy world is not all goodness and generosity. Another definition of his name aligns him with a Norse demon, sometimes associated with the devil.

Which character changed the least in Midsummer Night's Dream? ›

Theseus doesn't change much over the course of the play. When Hippolyta points out that the lovers have told a consistent (if strange) story about their night in the forest, Theseus adamantly refuses to believe the lovers. By play's end Theseus' patriarchal attitude seems less problematic.

What is the purpose of a Puck? ›

Puck is Oberon's servant, and seems to willingly carry out his commands, speaking politely and respectfully to the King of the Fairies. In carrying out his orders, and ultimately making a mistake, Puck becomes the catalyst for most of the drama, and the comedy, in the play.

Who does Lysander marry? ›

After Lysander is put under Puck's spell, being mistaken for Demetrius he falls in love with Helena, but Helena loves Demetrius. Eventually, the spell is reversed and Lysander marries Hermia. There is a party at the end where the Mechanicals perform their play and Hermia and Lysander get married.

Who does Hippolyta love? ›

Betrothed to Theseus, Hippolyta is very much in love with her husband to be and is very much looking forward to their imminent wedding.

Who does Hippolyta marry? ›

In The Life of Theseus, according to Plutarch, it was Hippolyta who concluded a four month long war between Athens and the Amazons with a peace treaty, resulting in the marriage between Theseus and Hippolyta.

How many characters are in all summer in a day? ›

Margot and William are the only named characters in the story, with the rest of the students in the classroom being referred to en masse as the children. These children are followers; they support William's actions and don't consider how their actions will affect Margot.

What are the 4 groups in Midsummer Night's Dream? ›

There are four main 'worlds' in A Midsummer Night's Dream, made of different groupings of characters: the court, the lovers, the fairies and the mechanicals.

How many couples are in A Midsummer Night's Dream? ›

While there are a dozen ways to interconnect the relationships in the play, we are going to focus on the main relationships between Oberon and Titania, Theseus and Hippolyta, Lysander and Hermia, and Demetrius and Helena. These four couples deal with heartache, bickering, pining, and other factors surrounding love.

Who are the 4 lovers in Midsummer Night's Dream? ›

A Midsummer Night's Dream begins with two sets of lovers, Lysander and Hermia and Helena and Demetrius. Unfortunately for Helena, Demetrius no longer loves Helena, instead falling for Hermia. Hermia's father Egeus however, wants Hermia to marry Demetrius.

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